Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Domain Eucaryota]
             [Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)]
               [Kingdom Chlorobiota C.Jeffrey ex Doweld (2001) - plants] see Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981)
                 [Subkingdom Pteridobiotina Britton & A. Br. (1896)]
                   Superphylum Cycadophytanae Doweld (2001)
                     [Phylum Pinophyta Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. ex Reveal (1996)] see Class Pinopsida Burnett (1835)
                       1 [Class †Cordaitopsida Lesq. (1880) [monotypic]] see Class Pinopsida Burnett (1835)
                       2 [Class †Voltziopsida Doweld (2001)] see Class Pinopsida Burnett (1835)
                       3 Class †Glossopteridopsida Plumstead (1956)
                       4 Class Podocarpopsida Doweld & Reveal (1999)
                       5 [Class Taxopsida Lotsy (1909)]
                       6 Class †Bennetitopsida