Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                     Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                       Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
                         Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
                           Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                             [crown] Clade Sar Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson & Dunthorn 2020]
                               Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                                 Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
                                   Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995)
                                     Subphylum Khakista Caval.-Sm. (2000)
                                       Diatomea Kütz. (1844)
                                         Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel (1878) - pennates
                                           Subclass Bacillariophycidaeᵀ D.G.Mann (1990) - raphid diatoms
                                             01 Order Eunotiales P.C.Silva (1962)
                                             02 Order Lyrellales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                             03 Order Mastogloiales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                             04 Order Dictyoneidales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                             05 Order Cymbellales D.G.Mann (1990)
                                             06 Order Achnanthales P.C.Silva (1962)
                                             07 Order Naviculales Bessey (1907)
                                             08 Order Thalassiophysales D.G.Mann (1990)
                                             08.0 [Order Amphorales] see Order Thalassiophysales D.G.Mann (1990)
                                             09 Order Bacillarialesᵀ Hendey (1937) [monotypic]
                                             10 Order Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                             10.0 [Order Epithemiales] see Order Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann (1990)
                                             11 Order Surirellales D.G.Mann (1990)