Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Clupeocephala
Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
Euacanthopterygii
Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
Order Perciformesᵀ Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis - perches
Suborder Percoideiᵀ Rafinesque, 1810
Superfamily Percoideaᵀ
"sparoid lineage"
Family Sparidaeᵀ Jordan & Evermann, 1898 - porgys and seabreams
Genus Sparusᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 [monotypic]
[Sparus annularis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Diplodus annularis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus boops Linnaeus, 1758]
see Boops boops (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus cantharus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spondyliosoma cantharus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus capistratus Linnaeus, 1758]
[Sparus chromis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Chromis chromis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus dentex Linnaeus, 1758]
see Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagellus erythrinus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus galilaeus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Sarotherodon galilaeus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus hurta Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lithognathus mormyrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus maena Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spicara maena (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus melanurus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Oblada melanura (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus mormyrus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lithognathus mormyrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus orphus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagrus pagrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus pagrus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagrus pagrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus salpa Linnaeus, 1758]
see Sarpa salpa (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus sargus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Diplodus sargus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus saxatilis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Crenicichla saxatilis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus smaris Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spicara smaris (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus spinus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Siganus spinus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus synagris Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lutjanus synagris (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus virginicus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Anisotremus virginicus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
1 Sparus aurataᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
1.0 [Sparus auratus Linnaeus, 1758, nom. illeg. - Gilt head bream]
see Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758