Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
[crown] Clade Phragmoplastophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Hall, McCourt, Delwiche, Mishler & Karol 2020]
[crown] Clade Embryophytaᵀ Engler 1887 [Mishler & Qiu 2020]
Clade Pan-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Apo-Tracheophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Phylum Tracheophytaᵀ Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
Clade Pan-Euphyllophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Clade Euphyllophytaᵀ Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Pan-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
Clade Lignophytaᵀ Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
Clade Apo-Spermatophytaᵀ Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Subphylum Spermatophytinaᵀ Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants
Clade Pan-Angiospermae Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
[crown] Class Magnoliopsidaᵀ Brongn. (1843)
[crown] Clade Mesangiospermaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
Clade Tricolpataeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Eudicotyledoneaeᵀ Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2007 [Donoghue, Doyle & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Gunneridaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
[crown] Clade Pentapetalaeᵀ Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2007 [Soltis, Soltis & Judd 2020]
[crown] Clade Superasteridaeᵀ Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2011 [Judd, Soltis & Soltis 2020]
Superorder Asteranaeᵀ Takht. (1967)
[crown] Clade Gentianidaeᵀ Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2007 [Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Lamiidaeᵀ Takhtajan 1987 [Olmstead, Judd & Cantino 2020]
[crown] Clade Lamianaeᵀ Takhtajan 1967 [Olmstead & Judd 2020]
Order Lamialesᵀ Bromhead (1838), sedis mutabilis
Family Acanthaceae Juss. (1789), nom. cons. - Acanthus family
Genus Acanthopale C.B.Clarke (1899)
Genus Acanthopsis Harv. (1842)
[Genus Acanthostelma Bidgood & Brummitt (1985)]
Genus Acanthura Lindau (1901)
Genus Achyrocalyx Benoist (1930)
[Genus Adenacanthus Nees (1832)]
Genus Adhatoda Mill.
Genus Aechmanthera Nees, in Wall. (1832)
[Genus Aetheilema R.Br. (1810)]
Genus Afrofittonia Lindau (1913)
Genus Ambongia Benoist (1939)
Genus Ancistranthus Lindau, in Urban (1900)
[Genus Ancylacanthus Lindau (1913)]
Genus Angkalanthus I.B. Balfour (1883)
Genus Anisacanthus Nees (1842)
Genus Anisosepalum A.B.M.E. Hossain (1972)
Genus Anisostachya Nees
Genus Anisotes Nees (1847), nom. cons.
[Genus Anthacanthus Nees, in A.DC. (1847)]
[Genus Antheliacanthus Ridley (1920)]
Genus Apassalus Kobuski (1928)
Genus Aphanosperma T.F. Daniel (1988)
Genus Aphelandrella Mildbraed (1926)
[Genus Aporuellia C.B.Clarke]
Genus Ascotheca H. Heine, in A. Aubréville (1966)
Genus Asystasiella Lindau, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
Genus Ballochia I.B. Balfour (1884)
Genus Baphicacanthus Bremek.
Genus Barleriola Oersted (1855)
Genus Beloperone Nees
Genus Benoicanthus H. Heine & A. Raynal (1968)
Genus Blechum P.Browne (1756)
Genus Borneacanthus Bremekamp (1960)
Genus Boutonia DC. (1838)
Genus Brachystephanus Nees (1847)
Genus Bravaisia A.DC. (1838)
Genus Brillantaisia P.Beauv. (1818)
Genus Brunoniella C.E.B. Bremekamp (1964)
[Genus Buceragenia Greenman (1897)]
Genus Calacanthus T. Anderson ex Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
[Genus Calophanes D.Don]
Genus Calycacanthus K.M. Schumann, in K.M. Schumann & Hollrung (1889)
Genus Camarotea G.F.S. Elliot (1891)
Genus Carlowrightia A.Gray (1878), nom. cons.
Genus Celerina Benoist (1964)
Genus Centrilla Lindau, in Urban (1900)
Genus Cephalacanthus Lindau (1905)
Genus Chaetacanthus Nees (1836)
Genus Chalarothyrsus Lindau (1904)
Genus Chamaeranthemum Nees, in Lindl. (1836)
[Genus Championella Bremekamp (1944)]
Genus Chileranthemum Oersted (1854)
Genus Chlamydacanthus Lindau (1893)
Genus Chlamydocardia Lindau (1894)
Genus Chlamydostachya Mildbraed (1934)
Genus Chorisochora Vollesen
Genus Chroesthes Benoist (1927)
Genus Clarkeasia J. R. I. Wood
Genus Clinacanthus Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
Genus Clistax Mart. (1829)
Genus Codonacanthus Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
Genus Conocalyx Benoist
Genus Cosmianthemum Bremekamp (1960)
Genus Crabbea Harv., 1838, nom. rej.
Genus Crossandrella C.B.Clarke (1906)
Genus Cuenotia Rizzini
Genus Cyclacanthus S.Moore (1921)
[Genus Cylindrosolenium Lindau (1897)]
Genus Cynarospermum Vollesen
Genus Cyphacanthus E.C. Leonard (1953)
[Genus Cystacanthus T. Anderson (1867)]
Genus Danguya Benoist (1930)
Genus Dasytropis Urban (1924)
Genus Dianthera L. (1753)
Genus Dichazothece Lindau, in Urban (1898)
Genus Dicladanthera F.Muell. (1882)
[Genus Diotacanthus Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)]
[Genus Dipteracanthus Nees]
Genus Dischistocalyx Lindau
[Genus Disperma Theiss. (1916)]
Genus Dolichostachys Benoist
Genus Drejera Nees
Genus Duosperma Dayton (1945)
[Genus Duvernoia E.Mey. ex Nees]
Genus Ecbolium S. Kurz (1871)
Genus Echinacanthus Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Encephalosphaera Lindau (1904)
Genus Epiclastopelma Lindau (1895)
Genus Eranthemum L. (1753)
Genus Eremomastax Lindau (1894)
Genus Eusiphon Benoist (1939)
Genus Filetia Miquel (1858)
[Genus Filtonia]
Genus Fittonia E. Coemans (1865)
Genus Forcipella Baill. (1891)
Genus Geissomeria Lindl. (1827)
[Genus Gendarussa Nees]
Genus Glossochilus Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
[Genus Golaea Chiovenda (1929)]
Genus Graphandra Imlay (1939)
Genus Graptophyllum Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Gymnophragma Lindau
Genus Gynocraterium Bremekamp (1939)
Genus Gypsacanthus E.J. Lott et al. (1986)
Genus Habracanthus Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
[Genus Hallieracantha Stapf (1907)]
Genus Hansteinia Oerst.
[Genus Haplanthodes Kuntze, in Post & Kuntze (1903)]
Genus Harpochilus Nees, in Mart. (1847)
Genus Hemigraphis Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
Genus Henrya Nees (1845)
Genus Herpetacanthus Nees, in Moricand (1847)
Genus Heteradelphia Lindau (1893)
Genus Holographis Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
[Genus Hoverdenia Nees, in A.DC. (1847)]
[Genus Hulemacanthus S.Moore (1920)]
Genus Hymenochlaena Bremek.
Genus Hypoestes Solander ex R.Br. (1810)
[Genus Indoneesiella Sreemadhavan (1968)]
[Genus Ionacanthus Benoist (1940)]
[Genus Isochoriste Miq.]
Genus Isoglossa Oersted (1854)
Genus Isotheca Turrill (1922)
Genus Jacobinia Moric.
Genus Jadunia Lindau (1913)
[Genus Juruasia Lindau (1904)]
Genus Kalbreyeriella Lindau (1922)
Genus Kita A.Chev.
[Genus Kolobochilus Lindau, in Pittier (1900)]
[Genus Kosmosiphon Lindau (1913)]
[Genus Kudoacanthus Hosokawa (1933)]
Genus Lankesteria Lindl. (1845)
Genus Lasiocladus Bojer ex Nees, in A.DC. (1847)
[Genus Leandriella Benoist (1939)]
Genus Leptosiphonium F.Muell. (1886)
[Genus Leptostachia Adans. (1763)]
Genus Leptostachya Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Liberatia Rizzini
[Genus Linariantha Burtt & R.M. Sm. (1965)]
[Genus Lindauea Rendle (1896)]
Genus Lissospermum Bremek.
Genus Listrobanthes Bremek.
Genus Lophostachys Pohl (1830)
Genus Louteridium S.Watson (1888)
Genus Lustrinia Raf.
[Genus Lychniothyrsus Lindau (1914)]
Genus Mackaya Harv. (1859), nom. cons. [monotypic]
[Genus Macrorungia C.B.Clarke]
Genus Mananthes Bremek.
[Genus Marcania Imlay (1939)]
Genus Megalochlamys Lindau (1899)
[Genus Megalostoma E.C. Léonard (1940)]
Genus Megaskepasma Lindau (1897)
[Genus Melittacanthus S.Moore (1906)]
Genus Mellera S.Moore (1879)
[Genus "Mendozia" Vandelli (1788)]
see Genus Mendoncia Vandelli (1788)
Genus Metarungia C. Baden (1984)
Genus Mexacanthus T.F. Daniel (1981)
[Genus Micranthus J.C. Wendland, nom. rej.]
Genus Microstrobilus Bremek.
Genus Mimulopsis G. Schweinfurth (1868)
Genus Mirandea Rzedowski (1959)
Genus Monachochlamys Baker
Genus Monechma Hochstetter (1841)
Genus Monothecium Hochst. (1842)
[Genus Morsacanthus Rizzini (1952)]
Genus Neesiella Sreem.
[Genus Neohallia Hemsl. (1882)]
Genus Neriacanthus Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus Neuracanthus Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Nilgirianthus Bremek.
Genus Nothoruellia Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek.
Genus Odontonema Nees (1842), nom. cons.
Genus Oplonia Rafinesque (1838)
[Genus Oreacanthus Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)]
[Genus Oreothyrsus Lindau, in K.M. Schumann & Lauterbach (1905)]
Genus Orophochilus Lindau (1897)
Genus Pachystachys Nees, in Mart. (1847)
Genus Pachystrobilus Bremek.
Genus Parachampionella Bremek.
Genus Paragutzlaffia H.P.Tsui
Genus Pararuellia Bremekamp (1948)
Genus Parastrobilanthes Bremek.
[Genus Pelecostemon Leonard (1958)]
[Genus Perenideboles Goyena (1911)]
[Genus Pericalypta Benoist (1962)]
Genus Periestes Baill.
Genus Perilepta Bremek.
Genus Peristrophe Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Phaulopsis Willd. (1799), nom. cons., orth. cons.
[Genus Phaylopsis Willd. (1799)]
see Genus Phaulopsis Willd. (1799), nom. cons., orth. cons.
[Genus Phialacanthus Bentham ex Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)]
[Genus Phillipsia Rolfe ex Baker (1895), nom. illeg.]
Genus Phlebophyllum Nees
Genus Physacanthus Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)
Genus Pleocaulus Bremek.
Genus Podorungia Baill. (1891)
Genus Poikilacanthus Lindau, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
[Genus Polylychnis Bremek. (1938)]
[Genus Populina H. Baill. (1891)]
[Genus Porphyrocoma Scheidw.]
[Genus Pranceacanthus D.C. Wasshausen (1984)]
Genus Psacadopaepale Bremek.
Genus Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer (1883)
Genus Pseudodicliptera Benoist, in Humbert (1939)
Genus Pseudoruellia Benoist (1962)
Genus Pseudostenosiphonium Lindau
Genus Psilanthele Lindau (1897)
Genus Pteracanthus (Nees) Bremek.
Genus Pteroptychia Bremek.
Genus Ptyssiglottis T. Anderson, in Thwaites & Hook.f. (1860)
Genus Pulchranthus V.M. Baum et al. (1983)
Genus Pupilla Rizzini (1949)
Genus Pyrrothrix Bremek.
Genus Razisea Oersted (1854)
Genus Rhaphidospora Nees (1832)
Genus Rhinacanthus Nees, in Wall. (1832)
[Genus Rhombochlamys Lindau (1897)]
[Genus Rhytiglossa Nees]
[Genus Ritonia Benoist (1962)]
[Genus Ruelliopsis C.B.Clarke, in Thiselton-Dyer (1899)]
Genus Rungia Nees, in Wall. (1832)
Genus Ruspolia Lindau (1896)
Genus Ruttya Harvey (1842)
Genus Saintpauliopsis Staner (1934)
[Genus Salpinctium T.J.Edwards]
[Genus Salpixantha Hook. (1845)]
[Genus Samuelssonia Urban & Ekman (1929)]
[Genus Sapphoa Urban (1922)]
Genus Sarojusticia Bremek.
Genus Sarotheca Nees
Genus Satanocrater Schweinfurth (1868)
[Genus Sautiera Decaisne (1834)]
Genus Schaueria Nees (1838), nom. cons.
Genus Sclerochiton Harvey (1842)
[Genus Sebastiano-schaueria Nees, in Mart. (1847)]
Genus Semnothyrsus Bremek.
Genus Sericocalyx Bremek.
Genus Sericographis Nees
Genus Siphonoglossa Oersted (1854)
Genus Spathacanthus H. Baill. (1891)
[Genus Sphacanthus Benoist, in Humbert (1939)]
[Genus Sphinctacanthus Bentham, in Bentham & Hook.f. (1876)]
[Genus Spirostigma Nees, in Mart. (1847)]
[Genus Standleyacanthus E.C. Leonard (1952)]
Genus Staurogynopsis Mangenot & Aké Assi
Genus Stenandriopsis S.Moore (1906)
[Genus Stenosiphonium Nees, in Wall. (1832)]
Genus Stenostephanus Nees, in Mart. (1847)
[Genus Stenothyrsus C.B.Clarke (1908)]
[Genus Stephanophysum Pohl (1830)]
Genus Streblacanthus Kuntze (1891)
[Genus Streptosiphon Mildbraed (1935)]
[Genus Strobilacanthus Grisebach (1858)]
Genus Strobilanthopsis S.Moore (1900)
[Genus Styasasia S.Moore (1905)]
Genus Suessenguthia Merxm. (1953)
Genus Symplectochilus Lindau
Genus Synnema Benth.
[Genus Tacoanthus Baill. (1890)]
Genus Taeniandra Bremek.
Genus Tarphochlamys Bremek.
Genus Teliostachya Nees, in Mart. (1847)
Genus Tessmanniacanthus Mildbraed (1926)
Genus Tetraglochidium Bremek.
Genus Tetramerium Nees (1846), nom. cons.
Genus Thelepaepale Bremek.
[Genus Thunderbergia]
see Genus Thunbergia Retzius (1780), nom. cons.
[Genus Thysanostigma Imlay (1939)]
[Genus Tremacanthus S.Moore (1904)]
Genus Trichanthera Kunth, in Humb. et al. (1818)
[Genus Trichocalyx I.B. Balfour (1884), nom. cons.]
Genus Trichosanchezia Mildbraed (1926)
[Genus Tubiflora J.F.Gmel.]
[Genus Vindasia Benoist (1962)]
Genus Whitfieldia Hook. (1845)
Genus Xantheranthemum Lindau, in Engl. & Prantl (1895)
Genus Xanthostachya Bremek.
Genus Xenacanthus Bremek.
[Genus Xerothamnella C.T.White (1944)]
Genus Yeatesia Small (1896)
[Genus Zygoruellia Baill. (1890)]
1.1 Subfamily Nelsonioideae Pfeiff.
1.2 Subfamily Thunbergioideae T. Anderson
1.2.2 [Subfamily Mendoncioideae]
see Tribe Mendoncieae Meisn. (1840)
1.3 Subfamily Acanthoideaeᵀ Eaton
2 Subfamily Avicennioideae Miers