Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Chondrichthiomorphi
Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils
Division Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
Subdivision Batoidea - rays
Order Myliobatiformes Compagno, 1973 - stingrays
Suborder Myliobatoideiᵀ Compagno, 1973
Superfamily Dasyatoidea Whitley, 1940
Family Dasyatidaeᵀ Jordan, 1888 - stingrays
Genus Himantura Müller & Henle, 1837
01 Himantura alcockii (Annandale, 1909)
02 Himantura astra Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Pogonoski, 2008
03 Himantura bleekeri (Blyth, 1860) - Bleeker's whipray
04 Himantura chaophraya Monkolprasit & Roberts, 1990 - freshwater whipray
05 Himantura dalyensis Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, 2008
06 Himantura draco Compagno & Heemstra, 1984
07 Himantura fai Jordan & Seale, 1906 - pink whipray
08 Himantura fluviatilis (Hamilton, 1822) - Ganges stingray
09 Himantura gerrardi (Gray, 1851) - sharpnose stingray
10 Himantura granulata (Macleay, 1883) - mangrove whipray
11 Himantura hortlei Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto & Kailola, 2006
12 Himantura imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - scaly stingray
13 Himantura jenkinsii (Annandale, 1909) - Jenkins whipray
14 Himantura kittipongi Vidthayanon & Roberts, 2006
15 Himantura krempfi (Chabanaud, 1923)
16 Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008
17 Himantura lobistoma Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006
18 Himantura marginatus (Blyth, 1860)
19 Himantura microphthalma (Chen, 1948)
20 Himantura oxyrhyncha (Sauvage, 1878) - marbled freshwater stingray
21 Himantura pareh (Bleeker, 1852)
22 Himantura pastinacoides (Bleeker, 1852)
23 Himantura signifer Compagno & Roberts, 1982 - white-edge freshwater whipray
24 Himantura toshi Whitley, 1939
25 Himantura uarnacoides (Bleeker, 1852)
26 Himantura uarnak (Forsskål, 1775) - coachwhip ray
27 Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852) - leopard whipray
28 Himantura walga (Müller & Henle, 1841) - dwarf whipray
29 ?Himantura pacifica (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941) - Pacific chupare
30 ?Himantura schmardae (Werner, 1904) - Chupare stingray