Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Clade Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
[crown] Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Clade Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Clade Osteolepidimorpha
Clade Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
[crown] Clade Neotetrapoda
Class Amphibia Gray, 1825
Infraclass Lissamphibia Haeckel, 1866
Batrachia Latreille, 1800
Order Anura Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
Lalagobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Sokolanura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Acosmanura Savage, 1973
Neobatrachia Reig, 1958
Phthanobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Hyloides D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Notogaeanura Frost et al., 2006
Nobleobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Meridianura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Athesphatanura D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Leptodactyliformes D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Chthonobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Hesticobatrachia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Agastorophrynia D.R. Frost et al., 2006
Family Bufonidae Gray, 1825
[Genus Bufo Laurenti, 1768, nom. illeg.]
see Genus Bufo Garsault, 1764
[Bufo abatus Ahl]
[Bufo achalensis Cei, 1972]
see Rhinella achalensis (Cei, 1972)
[Bufo achavali Maneyro et al., 2004]
see Rhinella achavali (Maneyro, Arrieta & de Sá, 2004)
[Bufo acutirostris (Spix, 1824)]
see Rhinella acutirostris (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo agua Latreille, 1801]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo alatus Thominot, 1884]
see Rhinella alata (Thominot, 1884)
[Bufo albicans Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo amabilis Pramuk & Kadivar, 2003]
see Rhinella amabilis (Pramuk & Kadivar, 2003)
[Bufo amatolicus Hewitt, 1925 - Amatola toad]
see Vandijkophrynus amatolicus (Hewitt, 1925)
[Bufo amboroensis Harvey & Smith, 1993]
see Rhinella amboroensis (Harvey & Smith, 1993)
[Bufo americanus Holbrook, 1836 - American toad]
see Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)
[Bufo amieti Tandy & Perret, 2000]
see Amietophrynus taiensis (Rödel & Ernst, 2000)
[Bufo anderssoni Melin, 1941]
see Rhaebo anderssoni (Melin, 1941)
[Bufo andrewsi Schmidt, 1925]
see Bufo gargarizans Cantor, 1842
[Bufo angusticeps Smith, 1848]
see Vandijkophrynus angusticeps (Smith, 1848)
[Bufo angusticeps group]
see Genus Vandijkophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo angustipes Taylor & Smith, 1945]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo apolobambicus de la Riva et al., 2005]
see Nannophryne apolobambica (De la Riva, Ríos & Aparicio, 2005)
?[Bufo arabicus group Heyden, 1827]
see Genus Duttaphrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo arborescandens Duellman & Schulte, 1992]
see Rhinella arborescandens (Duellman & Schulte, 1992)
[Bufo arenarum Hensel, 1867]
see Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867)
[Bufo arequipensis Vellard, 1959]
see Rhinella arequipensis (Vellard, 1959)
[Bufo arunco (Molina, 1782)]
see Rhinella arunco (Molina, 1782)
[Bufo asmarae Tandy et al., 1982]
see Amietophrynus asmarae (Tandy, Bogart, Largen & Feener, 1982)
[Bufo asper Gravenhorst, 1829]
see Phrynoidis aspera (Gravenhorst, 1829)
[Bufo asper group]
see Genus Phrynoidis Fitzinger, 1843
[Bufo atacamensis Cei, 1962]
see Rhinella atacamensis (Cei, 1962)
[Bufo baxteri Porter, 1968 - Wyoming toad]
see Anaxyrus baxteri (Porter, 1968)
[Bufo beebei Gallardo, 1965]
see Rhinella humboldti (Gallardo, 1965)
[Bufo beiranus Loveridge, 1932]
see Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)
[Bufo bergi Céspedez, 2000]
see Rhinella bergi (Céspedez, 2000)
[Bufo bimaculatus Wied-Neuwied, 1821, nom. oblit.]
see Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo biporcatus Gravenhorst, 1829]
see Ingerophrynus biporcatus (Gravenhorst, 1829)
[Bufo biporcatus group]
see Genus Ingerophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo blanfordii Boulenger, 1882]
see Amietophrynus blanfordii (Boulenger, 1882)
[Bufo blombergi Myers & Funkhouser, 1951]
see Rhaebo blombergi (Myers & Funkhouser, 1951)
[Bufo boreas Baird & Girard, 1852 - western toad]
see Anaxyrus boreas (Baird & Girard, 1852)
[Bufo boreus]
see Bufo boreas Baird & Girard, 1852
[Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo brauni Nieden, 1911]
see Amietophrynus brauni (Nieden, 1911)
?[Bufo brevirostris Rao, 1937, nom. dub.]
see Duttaphrynus brevirostris (Rao, 1937)
[Bufo brongersmai Hoogmoed, 1972]
see Pseudepidalea brongersmai (Hoogmoed, 1972)
[Bufo buchneri Peters, 1882]
see Amietophrynus buchneri (Peters, 1882)
[Bufo burmanus Andersson, 1939]
[Bufo caeruleostictus Günther, 1859]
see Rhaebo caeruleostictus (Günther, 1859)
[Bufo calamita Laurenti, 1768]
see Epidalea calamita (Laurenti, 1768)
[Bufo calamita group]
see Genus Epidalea Cope, 1864
[Bufo californicus Camp, 1915 - arroyo toad]
see Anaxyrus californicus (Camp, 1915)
[Bufo camerunensis Parker, 1936]
see Amietophrynus camerunensis (Parker, 1936)
[Bufo camortensis Mansukhani & Sarkar]
[Bufo canorus Camp, 1916 - Yosemite toad]
see Anaxyrus canorus (Camp, 1916)
[Bufo castaneoticus Caldwell, 1991]
see Rhinella castaneotica (Caldwell, 1991)
[Bufo cataulaciceps Schwartz, 1959]
see Peltophryne cataulaciceps (Schwartz, 1959)
[Bufo celebensis Günther, 1859]
see Ingerophrynus celebensis (Günther, 1859)
[Bufo ceratophrys Boulenger, 1882]
see Rhinella ceratophrys (Boulenger, 1882)
[Bufo chavin Lehr et al., 2001]
see Rhinella chavin (Lehr, Köhler, Aguilar & Ponce, 2001)
[Bufo chlorogaster Daudin, 1802]
[Bufo chrysophorus (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989)]
see Rhinella chrysophora (McCranie, Wilson & Williams, 1989)
[Bufo chudeaui Chabanaud, 1919]
see Amietophrynus chudeaui (Chabanaud, 1919)
[Bufo claviger Peters, 1863]
see Ingerophrynus claviger (Peters, 1863)
[Bufo cognatus (Say, in James, 1823) - Great Plains toad]
see Anaxyrus cognatus (Say, 1823)
[Bufo compactilis Wiegmann, 1833]
see Anaxyrus compactilis (Wiegmann, 1833)
[Bufo cophotis Boulenger, 1900]
see Nannophryne cophotis (Boulenger, 1900)
[Bufo corynetes Duellman & Ochoa-M., 1991]
see Nannophryne corynetes (Duellman & Ochoa-M., 1991)
[Bufo cristiglans Inger & Menzies, 1961]
see Amietophrynus cristiglans (Inger & Menzies, 1961)
[Bufo cristinae Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002]
see Rhinella cristinae (Vélez-Rodriguez & Ruiz-Carranza, 2002)
[Bufo crocus Wogan et al., 2003]
see Duttaphrynus crocus (Wogan, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein, Kyi & Tun, 2003)
[Bufo crucifer Wied-Neuwied, 1821]
see Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
[Bufo cyphosus Ye, in Sichuan Institute of Biology Herpetology Department, 1977]
see Duttaphrynus cyphosus (Ye, 1977)
[Bufo damaranus Mertens, 1954]
see Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Mertens, 1954)
[Bufo danatensis Pisanets, 1978]
[Bufo danielae Perret, 1977]
see Amietophrynus danielae (Perret, 1977)
[Bufo dapsilis Myers & Carvalho, 1945]
see Rhinella dapsilis (Myers & Carvalho, 1945)
[Bufo debilis Girard, 1854 - green toad]
see Anaxyrus debilis (Girard, 1854)
[Bufo diptychus Cope, 1862]
see Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862)
[Bufo divergens Peters, 1871]
see Ingerophrynus divergens (Peters, 1871)
[Bufo djohongensis Hulselmans, 1977]
see Amietophrynus djohongensis (Hulselmans, 1977)
[Bufo dombensis Bocage, 1895]
see Poyntonophrynus dombensis (Bocage, 1895)
[Bufo dorbignyi Duméril & Bibron, 1841]
see Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841)
[Bufo empusus (Cope, 1862)]
see Peltophryne empusa Cope, 1862
[Bufo exsul Myers, 1942 - black toad]
see Anaxyrus exsul (Myers, 1942)
[Bufo fenoulheti Hewitt & Methuen, 1912]
see Poyntonophrynus fenoulheti (Hewitt & Methuen, 1912)
[Bufo fergusonii (Boulenger)]
[Bufo fernandezae Gallardo, 1957]
see Rhinella fernandezae (Gallardo, 1957)
[Bufo fissipes Boulenger, 1903]
see Rhinella fissipes (Boulenger, 1903)
[Bufo flavolineatus Vellard, 1959]
[Bufo florentinoi Moreno & Rivalta, 2007]
see Peltophryne florentinoi (Moreno & Rivalta, 2007)
[Bufo fluviaticus Schwartz, 1972]
see Peltophryne fluviatica (Schwartz, 1972)
[Bufo fowleri Hinckley, 1882 - Fowler's toad]
see Anaxyrus fowleri (Hinckley, 1882)
[Bufo fractus Schwartz, 1972]
see Peltophryne fracta (Schwartz, 1972)
[Bufo fuliginatus de Witte, 1932]
see Amietophrynus fuliginatus (de Witte, 1932)
[Bufo fuliginosus Wied-Neuwied, 1821, nom. oblit.]
see Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo funereus Bocage, 1866]
see Amietophrynus funereus (Bocage, 1866)
[Bufo fustiger Schwartz, 1960]
see Peltophryne fustiger (Schwartz, 1960)
[Bufo gabbi Taylor, 1952]
[Bufo galeatus Günther, 1864]
see Ingerophrynus galeatus (Günther, 1864)
[Bufo gallardoi Carrizo, 1992]
see Rhinella gallardoi (Carrizo, 1992)
[Bufo gariepensis Smith, 1848]
see Vandijkophrynus gariepensis (Smith, 1848)
[Bufo garmani Meek, 1897]
see Amietophrynus garmani (Meek, 1897)
[Bufo glaberrimus Günther, 1869]
see Rhaebo glaberrimus (Günther, 1869)
[Bufo gnustae Gallardo, 1967]
see Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967)
[Bufo gracilipes Boulenger, 1899]
see Amietophrynus gracilipes (Boulenger, 1899)
[Bufo grandisonae Poynton & Haacke, 1993]
see Poyntonophrynus grandisonae (Poynton & Haacke, 1993)
[Bufo granulosus Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo guentheri Cochran, 1941]
see Peltophryne guentheri (Cochran, 1941)
[Bufo gundlachi Ruibal, 1959]
see Peltophryne gundlachi (Ruibal, 1959)
[Bufo guttatus Schneider, 1799]
see Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799)
[Bufo guttatus group]
see Genus Rhaebo Cope, 1862
[Bufo gutturalis Power, 1927]
see Amietophrynus gutturalis (Power, 1927)
[Bufo hadramautinus Cherchi, 1963]
[Bufo haematiticus Cope, 1862]
see Rhaebo haematiticus (Cope, 1862)
[Bufo hemiophrys Cope, 1886 - Canadian toad]
see Anaxyrus hemiophrys (Cope, 1886)
[Bufo henseli Lutz, 1934]
see Rhinella henseli (Lutz, 1934)
†Bufo hibbardi Taylor, 1936
[Bufo himalayanus Günther, 1864]
see Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther, 1864)
[Bufo hoeschi Ahl, 1934]
see Poyntonophrynus hoeschi (Ahl, 1934)
[Bufo horribilis Wiegmann, 1833]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo horridus Daudin, 1802]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo houstonensis Sanders, 1953 - Houston toad]
see Anaxyrus houstonensis (Sanders, 1953)
[Bufo humeralis Daudin, 1803]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo hypomelas Boulenger, 1913]
see Rhaebo hypomelas (Boulenger, 1913)
[Bufo ictericus Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo inca Stejneger, 1913]
see Rhinella inca (Stejneger, 1913)
[Bufo inyangae Poynton, 1963]
see Vandijkophrynus inyangae (Poynton, 1963)
[Bufo iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)]
see Rhinella iserni (Jiménez de la Espada, 1875)
[Bufo jimi Stevaux, 2002]
see Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002)
[Bufo jordani Parker, 1936]
[Bufo justinianoi Harvey & Smith, 1994]
see Rhinella justinianoi (Harvey & Smith, 1994)
[Bufo juxtasper Inger, 1964]
see Phrynoidis juxtaspera (Inger, 1964)
Bufo kabischi Herrmann & Kühnel, 1997
[Bufo kassasii Baha El Din, 1993]
see Amietophrynus kassasii (Baha El Din, 1993)
[Bufo kavangensis Poynton & Broadley, 1988]
see Poyntonophrynus kavangensis (Poynton & Broadley, 1988)
[Bufo kavirensis Andrén & Nilson, 1979]
[Bufo kelloggi Taylor, 1938]
see Anaxyrus kelloggi (Taylor, 1938)
[Bufo kerinyagae Keith, 1968]
see Amietophrynus kerinyagae (Keith, 1968)
[Bufo kiphirensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus kiphirensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
[Bufo kisoloensis Loveridge, 1932]
see Amietophrynus kisoloensis (Loveridge, 1932)
?[Bufo koynayensis Soman, 1963]
see Xanthophryne koynayensis (Soman, 1963)
[Bufo kumquat Das & Lim, 2001]
see Ingerophrynus kumquat (Das & Lim, 2001)
[Bufo langanoensis Largen et al., 1978]
see Amietophrynus langanoensis (Largen, Tandy & Tandy, 1978)
[Bufo latastii Boulenger, 1882]
see Pseudepidalea latastii (Boulenger, 1882)
[Bufo latifrons Boulenger, 1900]
see Amietophrynus latifrons (Boulenger, 1900)
[Bufo lazarus Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo ledongensis Fei et al., 2009]
see Ingerophrynus ledongensis (Fei, Ye & Huang, 2009)
[Bufo lemairii Boulenger, 1901]
see Amietophrynus lemairii (Boulenger, 1901)
[Bufo lemur (Cope, 1868[1869]) Stejneger, 1904 - Puerto Rican crested toad]
see Peltophryne lemur Cope, 1869
[Bufo leptoscelis Boulenger, 1912]
see Rhinella leptoscelis (Boulenger, 1912)
[Bufo limensis Werner, 1901]
see Rhinella limensis (Werner, 1901)
[Bufo lindneri Mertens, 1955]
see Mertensophryne lindneri (Mertens, 1955)
[Bufo longinasus Stejneger, 1905]
see Peltophryne longinasus (Stejneger, 1905)
[Bufo lonnbergi Andersson, 1911]
see Mertensophryne lonnbergi (Andersson, 1911)
[Bufo lughensis Loveridge, 1932]
see Poyntonophrynus lughensis (Loveridge, 1932)
[Bufo luristanicus Schmidt, 1952]
see Pseudepidalea luristanica (Schmidt, 1952)
[Bufo macrotis Boulenger, 1887]
see Ingerophrynus macrotis (Boulenger, 1887)
[Bufo maculatus Hallowell, 1854]
see Amietophrynus maculatus (Hallowell, 1854)
[Bufo maculiventris Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo mamitensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus mamitensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
[Bufo manicorensis Gallardo, 1961]
see Rhinella major (Müller & Hellmich, 1936)
[Bufo manipurensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus manipurensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
[Bufo margaritifer (Laurenti, 1768)]
see Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768)
[Bufo margaritifer group]
see Genus Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826
[Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) - giant toad]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
?[Bufo mauritanicus group Schlegel, 1841]
see Genus Amietophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo melanogaster Hallowell, 1861]
[Bufo melanopleura Schmidt & Inger, 1959]
see Mertensophryne melanopleura (Schmidt & Inger, 1959)
[Bufo melanostictus Schneider, 1799]
see Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)
[Bufo melanostictus group]
see Genus Duttaphrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo mexicanus Brocchi, 1879]
see Anaxyrus mexicanus (Brocchi, 1879)
[Bufo microscaphus Cope, 1866[1867] - Arizona toad]
see Anaxyrus microscaphus (Cope, 1867)
[Bufo microtympanum Boulenger, 1882]
see Duttaphrynus microtympanum (Boulenger, 1882)
Bufo minshanicus Stejneger, 1926
[Bufo mizoramensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus mizoramensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
[Bufo mocquardi Angel, 1924]
see Mertensophryne mocquardi (Angel, 1924)
[Bufo multiverrucosus Lehr, Pramuk & Lundberg, 2005]
see Rhinella multiverrucosa (Lehr, Pramuk & Lundberg, 2005)
[Bufo nagalandensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus nagalandensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
[Bufo nasicus Werner, 1903]
see Rhaebo nasicus (Werner, 1903)
[Bufo nelsoni Stejneger, 1893 - Amargosa toad]
see Anaxyrus nelsoni (Stejneger, 1893)
[Bufo nesiotes Duellman & Toft, 1979]
see Rhinella nesiotes (Duellman & Toft, 1979)
†Bufo nestor Camp, 1917
[Bufo noellerti Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 1998]
see Duttaphrynus noellerti (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 1998)
[Bufo nouettei Mocquard, 1910]
[Bufo nyikae Loveridge, 1953]
see Mertensophryne nyikae (Loveridge, 1953)
[Bufo oblongus Nikolskii, 1896]
see Pseudepidalea oblonga (Nikolskii, 1896)
?[Bufo ocellatus Günther, 1858]
see Rhinella ocellata (Günther, 1858)
[Bufo orientalis Vellard, 1959, nom. illeg.]
see Rhinella vellardi (Leviton & Duellman, 1978)
[Bufo ornatus Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella ornata (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo pantherinus Smith, 1828]
see Amietophrynus pantherinus (Smith, 1828)
[Bufo paracnemis A. Lutz, 1925]
see Rhinella schneideri (Werner, 1894)
[Bufo pardalis Hewitt, 1935]
see Amietophrynus pardalis (Hewitt, 1935)
[Bufo parkeri Loveridge, 1932]
see Poyntonophrynus parkeri (Loveridge, 1932)
[Bufo parvus Boulenger, 1887]
see Ingerophrynus parvus (Boulenger, 1887)
[Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi, 1838]
see Peltophryne peltocephala (Tschudi, 1838)
?[Bufo pentoni group Anderson, 1893]
[Bufo perreti Schiøtz, 1963]
see Amietophrynus perreti (Schiøtz, 1963)
[Bufo pewzowi Bedriaga, 1898]
see Pseudepidalea pewzowi (Bedriaga, 1898)
[Bufo philippinicus Boulenger, 1887]
see Ingerophrynus philippinicus (Boulenger, 1887)
[†Bufo pisanoi Casamiquela, 1967]
see Rhinella schneideri (Werner, 1894)
[Bufo pithecodactylus Werner, 1899]
see Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo poeppigii Tschudi, 1845]
see Rhinella poeppigii (Tschudi, 1845)
[Bufo pombali Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004]
see Rhinella pombali (Baldissera, Caramaschi & Haddad, 2004)
[Bufo poweri Hewitt, 1935]
see Amietophrynus poweri (Hewitt, 1935)
[Bufo preussi Matschie, 1893]
see Werneria preussi (Matschie, 1893)
[Bufo proboscideus Spix, 1824]
see Rhinella proboscidea (Spix, 1824)
[Bufo pseudoraddei Mertens, 1971]
see Pseudepidalea pseudoraddei (Mertens, 1971)
[Bufo punctatus Baird & Girard, 1852 - red-spotted toad]
see Anaxyrus punctatus (Baird & Girard, 1852)
[Bufo pygmaeus Myers & Carvalho, 1952]
see Rhinella pygmaea (Myers & Carvalho, 1952)
[Bufo quadriporcatus Boulenger, 1887]
see Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus (Boulenger, 1887)
[Bufo quechua Gallardo, 1961]
see Rhinella quechua (Gallardo, 1961)
[Bufo quercicus Holbrook, 1840 - oak toad]
see Anaxyrus quercicus (Holbrook, 1840)
[Bufo raddei Strauch, in Przewalski, ed., 1876]
see Pseudepidalea raddei (Strauch, 1876)
[Bufo rangeri Hewitt, 1935]
see Amietophrynus rangeri (Hewitt, 1935)
[Bufo reesi Poynton, 1977]
see Amietophrynus reesi (Poynton, 1977)
[Bufo regularis Reuss, 1833]
see Amietophrynus regularis (Reuss, 1833)
[Bufo retiformis Sanders & Smith, 1951 - Sonoran green toad]
see Anaxyrus retiformis (Sanders & Smith, 1951)
[Bufo robinsoni Branch & Braack, 1996]
see Vandijkophrynus robinsoni (Branch & Braack, 1996)
[Bufo roqueanus Melin, 1941]
see Rhinella roqueana (Melin, 1941)
[Bufo rosei Hewitt, 1926]
see Capensibufo rosei (Hewitt, 1926)
[Bufo rostratus Noble, 1920]
see Rhinella rostrata (Noble, 1920)
[Bufo rubescens Lutz, 1925]
see Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925)
[Bufo rubropunctatus Guichenot, 1848]
see Rhinella rubropunctata (Guichenot, 1848)
[Bufo rufus Garman, 1877, nom. illeg.]
see Rhinella rubescens (Lutz, 1925)
[Bufo rufus Schneider, 1799]
see Anaxyrus terrestris (Bonnaterre, 1789)
[Bufo rumbolli Carrizo, 1992]
see Rhinella rumbolli (Carrizo, 1992)
?[Bufo scaber group Schneider, 1799]
see Genus Duttaphrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo schmidti (Grandison, 1972)]
see Mertensophryne schmidti Grandison, 1972
[Bufo schneideri Werner, 1894]
see Rhinella schneideri (Werner, 1894)
[Bufo scitulus Caramaschi & de Niemeyer, 2003]
see Rhinella scitula (Caramaschi & de Niemeyer, 2003)
[Bufo sclerocephalus Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R., 2001]
see Rhinella sclerocephala (Mijares-Urrutia & Arends-R., 2001)
[Bufo shaartusiensis Pisanets, Mezhzherin & Shcherbak, 1996]
[Bufo siculus Stöck et al., 2008]
see Pseudepidalea sicula (Stöck, Sicilia, Belfiore, Buckley, Lo Brutto, Lo Valvo & Arculeo, 2008)
?[Bufo simus Schmidt, 1857, nom. dub.]
see Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834)
[Bufo speciosus Girard, 1854 - Texas toad]
see Anaxyrus speciosus (Girard, 1854)
[Bufo spinosus Daudin, 1803]
see Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo spinulosus Wiegmann, 1834]
see Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834)
[Bufo stanlaii Lötters & Köhler, 2000]
see Rhinella stanlaii (Lötters & Köhler, 2000)
[Bufo steindachneri Pfeffer, 1893]
see Amietophrynus steindachneri (Pfeffer, 1893)
[Bufo sternosignatus Günther, 1858]
see Rhinella sternosignata (Günther, 1858)
?[Bufo stomaticus group Lütken, 1864]
see Genus Duttaphrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo superciliaris Boulenger, 1887[1888] - Cameroon toad]
see Amietophrynus superciliaris (Boulenger, 1888)
[Bufo surdus Boulenger, 1891]
see Pseudepidalea surda (Boulenger, 1891)
[Bufo taiensis Rödel & Ernst, 2000]
see Amietophrynus taiensis (Rödel & Ernst, 2000)
[Bufo taitanus Peters, 1878]
see Mertensophryne taitana (Peters, 1878)
[Bufo taitanus group]
see Genus Mertensophryne Tihen, 1960
[Bufo taladai Schwartz, 1960]
see Peltophryne taladai (Schwartz, 1960)
[Bufo terrestris (Bonnaterre, 1789) - southern toad]
see Anaxyrus terrestris (Bonnaterre, 1789)
[Bufo tienhoensis Bourret, 1937]
[Bufo togoensis Ahl, 1924]
see Amietophrynus togoensis (Ahl, 1924)
[Bufo trifolium Tschudi, 1845]
[Bufo tuberosus Günther, 1858]
see Amietophrynus tuberosus (Günther, 1858)
[Bufo turkanae Tandy & Feener, 1985]
see Amietophrynus turkanae (Tandy & Feener, 1985)
[Bufo typhonius (C. Linnaeus, 1758)]
[Bufo urunguensis Loveridge, 1932]
see Amietophrynus urunguensis (Loveridge, 1932)
[Bufo uzunguensis Loveridge, 1932]
see Mertensophryne uzunguensis (Loveridge, 1932)
[Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833 - Gulf Coast toad]
see Incilius valliceps (Wiegmann, 1833)
[Bufo variegatus (Günther, 1870)]
see Nannophryne variegata Günther, 1870
[Bufo vellardi Leviton & Duellman, 1978]
see Rhinella vellardi (Leviton & Duellman, 1978)
[Bufo veraguensis Schmidt, 1857]
see Rhinella veraguensis (Schmidt, 1857)
[Bufo vertebralis Smith, 1848]
see Poyntonophrynus vertebralis (Smith, 1848)
[Bufo vertebralis group]
see Genus Poyntonophrynus Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo villiersi Angel, 1940]
see Amietophrynus villiersi (Angel, 1940)
[Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768]
see Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768)
[Bufo viridis group]
see Genus Pseudepidalea Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
[Bufo vittatus Boulenger, 1906]
see Amietophrynus vittatus (Boulenger, 1906)
[Bufo vulgarisᵀ Laurenti, 1768]
see Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Bufo wokhaensis Mathew & Sen, 2009]
see Duttaphrynus wokhaensis (Mathew & Sen, 2009)
Bufo wolongensis Herrmann & Kühnel, 1997
["Bufo woodhousei" Girard, 1854]
see Bufo woodhousii Girard, 1854
[Bufo woodhousii Girard, 1854 - Woodhouse's toad]
see Anaxyrus woodhousii (Girard, 1854)
[Bufo xeros Tandy et al., 1976]
see Amietophrynus xeros (Tandy, Tandy, Keith & Duff-MacKay, 1976)
[Subgenus Bufo (Oxyrhynchus) Spix, 1824, nom. illeg.]
[Subgenus Bufo (Rhinella) Fitzinger, 1826]
see Genus Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826
1 ?[Bufo stejnegeri group Schmidt, 1931]
n.1.01 [Bufo alvarius Girard, 1859 - Colorado River toad]
see Incilius alvarius (Girard, 1859)
n.1.02 [Bufo aucoinae O'Neill & Mendelson, 2004]
see Incilius aucoinae (O'Neill & Mendelson, 2004)
n.1.03 [Bufo bocourti Brocchi, 1877]
see Incilius bocourti (Brocchi, 1877)
n.1.04 [Bufo campbelli Mendelson, 1994]
see Incilius campbelli (Mendelson, 1994)
n.1.05 [Bufo canaliferus Cope, 1877]
see Incilius canaliferus (Cope, 1877)
n.1.06 [Bufo cavifrons Firschein, 1950]
see Incilius cavifrons (Firschein, 1950)
n.1.07 [Bufo coccifer Cope, 1866]
see Incilius coccifer (Cope, 1866)
n.1.08 [Bufo coniferus Cope, 1862]
see Incilius coniferus (Cope, 1862)
n.1.09 [Bufo cristatus Wiegmann, 1833]
see Incilius cristatus (Wiegmann, 1833)
n.1.10 [Bufo cycladen Lynch & Smith, 1966]
see Incilius cycladen (Lynch & Smith, 1966)
n.1.11 [Bufo fastidiosus (Cope, 1875)]
see Incilius fastidiosus (Cope, 1875)
n.1.12 [Bufo gemmifer Taylor, 1940]
see Incilius gemmifer (Taylor, 1940)
n.1.13 [Bufo holdridgei Taylor, 1952]
see Incilius holdridgei (Taylor, 1952)
n.1.14 [Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954]
see Incilius ibarrai (Stuart, 1954)
n.1.15 [Bufo intermedius Günther, 1858]
see Incilius intermedius (Günther, 1858)
n.1.16 [Bufo leucomyos McCranie & Wilson, 2000]
see Incilius leucomyos (McCranie & Wilson, 2000)
n.1.17 [Bufo luetkenii Boulenger, 1891]
see Incilius luetkenii (Boulenger, 1891)
n.1.18 [Bufo macrocristatus Firschein & Smith, 1957]
see Incilius macrocristatus (Firschein & Smith, 1957)
n.1.19 [Bufo marmoreus Wiegmann, 1833]
see Incilius marmoreus (Wiegmann, 1833)
n.1.20 [Bufo mazatlanensis Taylor, 1940]
see Incilius mazatlanensis (Taylor, 1940)
n.1.21 [Bufo melanochlorus Cope, 1877]
see Incilius melanochlorus (Cope, 1877)
n.1.21.0 ["Bufo melanochloris" Taylor, 1952, nom. null.]
see Bufo melanochlorus Cope, 1877
n.1.22 [Bufo nebulifer Girard, 1854]
see Incilius nebulifer (Girard, 1854)
n.1.22.0 [Bufo granulosus Baird & Girard, 1852, nom. illeg.]
see Bufo nebulifer Girard, 1854
n.1.23 [Bufo occidentalis Camerano, 1879]
see Incilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879)
n.1.24 [‡Bufo periglenes Savage, 1967 - golden toad]
see Incilius periglenes (Savage, 1967)
n.1.25 [Bufo peripatetes Savage, 1972]
see Incilius peripatetes (Savage, 1972)
n.1.26 [Bufo perplexus Taylor, 1943]
see Incilius perplexus (Taylor, 1943)
n.1.27 [Bufo pisinnus Mendelson et al., 2005]
see Incilius pisinnus (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy, 2005)
n.1.28 [Bufo porteri Mendelson et al., 2005]
see Incilius porteri (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy, 2005)
n.1.29 [Bufo signifer Mendelson et al., 2005]
see Incilius signifer (Mendelson, Williams, Sheil & Mulcahy, 2005)
n.1.30 [Bufo spiculatus Mendelson, 1997]
see Incilius spiculatus (Mendelson, 1997)
n.1.31 [Bufo tacanensis Smith, 1952]
see Incilius tacanensis (Smith, 1952)
n.1.32 [Bufo tutelarius Mendelson, 1997]
see Incilius tutelarius (Mendelson, 1997)