Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Biota
"neomura"
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
"neokaryotes" - mitochondrial eukaryotes
"neozoa"
"scotokaryotes" Cavalier-Smith, 1999
"podiates" Cavalier-Smith, 2013
Amorphea Adl et al., 2012
Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004 [nom. cl. nov.]
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002 [nom. cl. nov.]
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
[crown] Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Zittel, 1879 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Sarcopterygii Romer, 1955
Rhipidistia Cope, 1887
Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg, 1991
Osteolepidimorpha
Tetrapoda Goodrich, 1930
Reptiliomorpha Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Batrachosauria
Amniota Haeckel, 1866 - amniotes
Class Reptilia Linnaeus, 1758 - reptiles
Eureptilia Olson, 1947
Romeriida Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe, 1988
Diapsida Osborn 1903 [Laurin 1991]
Neodiapsida Benton 1985 [Laurin 1991] {Reisz, Modesto & Scott 2011}
[crown] Sauria McCartney 1802 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
Subclass Testudinata Oppel, 1811 [monotypic] - testudinates
[crown] Order Testudinesᵀ Wagler, 1830 - turtles
Suborder Cryptodira Cope, 1868
Superfamily Testudinoidea Batsch, 1788
Family Testudinidaeᵀ Batsch, 1788 - tortoises
01 Genus †Kansuchelys Yeh, 1963
02 Genus †Sinohadrianus Ping, 1929
03 Genus †Megalochelys Falconer & Cautley, 1837
04.1 Genus Aldabrachelys Loveridge & Williams, 1957 [monotypic]
04.2 Genus ‡Cylindraspis Fitzinger, 1835
05 Genus Chersina Gray, 1831 [monotypic]
06.1 Genus Geochelone Fitzinger, 1835
06.2 Genus Astrochelys Gray, 1873
06.3 Genus Centrochelys Gray, 1872 [monotypic]
06.4 Genus Chelonoidis Fitzinger, 1835
06.5 Genus Stigmochelys Gray, 1873 [monotypic]
07 Genus Homopus Duméril & Bibron, 1835
08 Genus Indotestudo Lindholm, 1929
09 Genus Kinixys Bell, 1827
10 Genus Malacochersus Lindholm, 1929 [monotypic]
11 Genus Manouria Gray, 1854
12 Genus Psammobates Fitzinger, 1835
13 Genus Pyxis Bell, 1827
14.1.1.1 Genus †Hesperotestudo
14.1.1.2 Genus †Stylemys Leidy, 1851
14.1.2 Genus Testudoᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
14.2.1 Genus †Oligopherus Hutchison, 1996 [monotypic]
14.2.2 Genus Gopherus Rafinesque, 1832