| Disclaimed name/act (nom. ined.) [ICZN, 1999: Art. 8.3] | |
Ref:
Wikimedia, 2001-present: Archaeoraptor, 15 Sep 2025 ("By that time the November issue of National Geographic was already in preparation for printing, but "Archaeoraptor" was never formally published in any peer-reviewed journal.", "Sloan used the name "Archaeoraptor liaoningensis" but with a disclaimer (so that it would not count as a nomenclatural act for the purposes of scientific classification) in anticipation of Czerkas being able to publish a peer-reviewed description at some point in the future.").
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| Nomen nudum (nom. nud.) [ICZN, 1999: Arts. 12 [before 1931], 13 [after 1930], G] | |
Ref:
G. Olshevsky (comp.), 2000-2021: 12 Jun 2021 ("nomen nudum"). [composite].
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| Not explicitly new (nom. inval.) [ICZN, 1999: Art. 16.1 (>1999)] | |
Ref:
Wikimedia, 2001-present: Archaeoraptor, 15 Sep 2025 ("Olson presumed that the National Geographic article had already validly named the fossil, and he, therefore, failed to explicitly indicate the name was new"). ≡
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