life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Empire Prokaryota (Dougherty 1957) Allsopp 1969 [monotypic] see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990
     Kingdom Bacteria (Cohn 1870) Cavalier-Smith 1983 [paraphyletic] - bacteria see Kingdom Bacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002
       Subkingdom Negibacteria Cavalier-Smith 1987 [paraphyletic?] see Subkingdom Negibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002
         Infrakingdom Glycobacteria Cavalier-Smith 1998 [paraphyletic?] see Infrakingdom Glycobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002
           Superphylum Pimelobacteria (Cavalier-Smith 1992) Cavalier-Smith 1998 [paraphyletic?] see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990
             Phylum Proteobacteria Garrity and Holt 2001 see Phylum Proteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005
               Subphylum Rhodobacteria Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Phylum Proteobacteria Garrity and Holt 2001
                 Infraphylum Chromatibacteria Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Phylum Proteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005
                   Class "[Gammaproteobacteria]" nom. inval. see Class Gammaproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005