chromalveolates see Supergroup Chromalveolata Adl et al., 2005
   Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
     Subkingdom Chromobiota Caval.-Sm. (1991)
       1 Infrakingdom Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986) - heterokonts see Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
       2 Infrakingdom Haptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995) [monotypic] see Subphylum Haptophytina Caval.-Sm. (2015)