chromalveolates see Supergroup Chromalveolata Adl et al., 2005
   Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
     Subkingdom Chromobiota Caval.-Sm. (1991)
       Infrakingdom Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986) - heterokonts see Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
         Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995)
           Subphylum Phaeista Caval.-Sm. (1995)
             Infraphylum Chrysista Caval.-Sm. (1993)
               Class Raphidophyceae Chadef. ex P.C.Silva (1980) - raphidophytes
                 1 Genus Heterosigma Hara & Chihara (1987)