living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
           Subphylum Uniramia Snodgrass, 1935 see Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848
             Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
               Subclass Pterygota Lang, 1888 - winged insects see Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
                 Infraclass Neoptera Martynov, 1923 - modern, wing-folding insects see Division Neoptera Martynov, 1923
                   Superorder Holometabola - holometabolans see Subdivision Endopterygota Sharp, 1899
                     Order Siphonaptera Latreille, 1825 - fleas
                       Superfamily Hystrichopsylloidea
                         Family Ctenophthalmidae Rothschild, 1915
                           01 Subfamily Ctenophthalminae Rothschild, 1915
                           02 Subfamily Doratopsyllinae
                           03 Subfamily Rhadinopsyllinae
                           04 Subfamily Neopsyllinae
                           05 Subfamily Anomiopsyllinae
                           06 Subfamily Dinopsyllinae
                           07 Subfamily Listropsyllinae
                           08 Subfamily Stenoponiinae
                           09 Subfamily Neotyphloceratinae
                           10 Genus Ctenophthalmus Kolenati, 1857