life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Empire Prokaryota (Dougherty 1957) Allsopp 1969 [monotypic] see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990 stat. inval.
     Kingdom Bacteria Cavalier-Smith 1998 nom. inval. [paraphyletic] - bacteria see Kingdom Bacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002 stat. inval.
       Subkingdom Negibacteria Cavalier-Smith 1987 nom. inval. [paraphyletic?] see Subkingdom Negibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002 stat. inval.
         Infrakingdom Lipobacteria T. Cavalier-Smith 1998 [paraphyletic?] see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990 stat. inval.
           Superphylum Endoflagellata Cavalier-Smith 1992 [monotypic] see Phylum Spirochaetes Garrity and Holt 2001 nom. inval.
             Phylum Spirochaetae (Ehrenberg 1855) Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Phylum Spirochaetes Garrity and Holt 2001 nom. inval.
               1 Subphylum Euspirochaetae Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Family Spirochaetaceae Swellengrebel 1907 (Approved Lists 1980)
               2 Subphylum Leptospirae T. Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Family Leptospiraceae Hovind-Hougen 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)