[life] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020] Empire Prokaryota (Dougherty 1957) Allsopp 1969 see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990 Kingdom Bacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002 - bacteria see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990 Subkingdom Negibacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002 - negibacteria see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990 Phylum Spirochaetae (Ehrenberg 1855) Cavalier-Smith 1998 see Phylum Spirochaetes Garrity and Holt 2001