Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade natates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade photaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                     Clade eucorta Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                       Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878 - corticates
                         Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
                           Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                             [crown] Clade Sar Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson & Dunthorn 2020]
                               Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010
                                 Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
                                   Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995)
                                     Subphylum Khakista Caval.-Sm. (2000)
                                       Diatomea Kütz. (1844)
                                         Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel (1878) - pennates
                                           Subclass Bacillariophycidaeᵀ D.G.Mann (1990) - raphid diatoms
                                             Order Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann (1990) [monotypic]
                                               Family Rhopalodiaceaeᵀ (Karsten) Topachevs'kyj & Oksiyuk (1960)
                                                 Genus Rhopalodiaᵀ O.Müll. (1895)
                                                   Rhopalodia acuminata Krammer (1987)
                                                   Rhopalodia brebissonii Krammer (1987)
                                                   Rhopalodia constricta (W.Sm.) Krammer (1987)
                                                   Rhopalodia dubia (H. Peragallo & M. Peragallo) Paddock & P.A. Sims
                                                   Rhopalodia gibbaᵀ (Ehrenb.) O.Müll. (1895)
                                                   Rhopalodia gibberula (Ehrenberg) O.Müll. (1899)
                                                   Rhopalodia musculus (Kützing) O.Müll.
                                                   Rhopalodia operculata (C.Agardh) Håkansson (1979)
                                                   Rhopalodia rupestris (W.Sm.) Krammer (1987)