chromalveolates see Supergroup Chromalveolata Adl et al., 2005
   Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
     Subkingdom Chromobiota Caval.-Sm. (1991)
       Infrakingdom Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986) - heterokonts see Superphylum Heterokonta Caval.-Sm. (1986)
         Phylum Ochrophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995)
           1 Subphylum Phaeista Caval.-Sm. (1995)
           2 Subphylum Khakista Caval.-Sm. (2000)