Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Superkingdom Eukarya Chatton, 1925] see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
             [Kingdom Protoctista Hogg, 1860]
               [Phylum Gamophyta]
                 [Class Desmidioideae] see Suborder Desmidiineae
                   1 [Family Penieae] see Family Peniaceae Haeckel (1894)
                   2 [Family Closterieae] see Family Desmidiaceae Kützing ex Ralfs (1845)
                   3 [Family Cosmarieae] see Family Desmidiaceae Kützing ex Ralfs (1845)