organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Domain eukaryotes see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     alveolates Cavalier-Smith see [unranked] Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
       Phylum Dinoflagellata Engl. (1903) see Superclass Dinoflagellata Bütschli, 1885
         Class Dinophyceae Pascher (1914)
           Order Ptychodiscales Fensome, F.J.R. Taylor, G. Norris, Sarjeant, Wharton & G.L. Williams (1993)
             Family Ptychodiscaceaeᵀ Lemmerm. (1899)
               1 Genus Ptychodiscus F. Stein (1883)