plants Haeckel (1866) - plants
   Division Charophyta Migula (1889) - charophyte algae and embryophytes see charophytes
     Subdivision [Streptophytina] see [unranked] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt (2004)
       Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825) - horsetails see Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883)
         Vascular Plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
           [Seed-Plants; Spermatophyta]
             Gymnosperms see Class Spermatopsida
               1 Subclass Ginkgoidae Pax (1900) [monotypic]
               2 Subclass Cycadidae Pax (1894) [monotypic] - cycads
               3 Subclass Pinidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) [monotypic] - conifers
               4 Subclass Gnetidae Pax (1894) [monotypic] see Class Gnetopsida Eichler ex Kirpot. (1884)