Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [[crown] organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           [Domain Eucaryota]
             [Subdomain Chlorota Doweld (2001)]
               [Kingdom Bacillariobiota Doweld (2001)]
                 [Subkingdom Bacillariobiotinaᵀ Doweld (2001)]
                   [Phylum Fucophyta Pax (1904)] see Phylum Phaeophyta Kjellman (1891)
                     1 [Class Dictyotophyceae Engl. (1892)]
                     2 [Class Fucophyceaeᵀ Warming (1884)] see Class Phaeophyceae Hansgirg (1886)