Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
   Chlorophyta Pascher 1914 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.
     Streptophyta Jeffrey 1967 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. see Infrakingdom Streptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1993)
       Embryophyta Engler 1887 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. [within unnamed taxon] - land plants see Superphylum Embryophyta Engl. (1887)
         Stomatophyta Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
           Polysporangiophyta Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval. [within unnamed taxon] see Clade Pan-Tracheophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
             Tracheophyta Sinnott 1935 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. [within unnamed taxon] - vascular plants see Clade Tracheophyta Sinnott 1935 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
               Eutracheophyta Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
                 Euphyllophytina Kenrick & Crane 1997 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval.
                   Radiatophyta Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval. [within unnamed taxon]
                     Lignophyta Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval.
                       Spermatophyta Britton & Brown 1896 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. - seed plants see Clade Spermatophyta Britton & Brown 1896 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
                         1 †"Calamopityales" Němejc (1963) [monophyletic?]
                         2.1 †"Hydraspermales" [within unnamed taxon] [monophyletic?]
                         2.2.1 †"Lyginopteridales" Havlena (1961) [within unnamed taxon] [monophyletic?]
                         2.2.2.1 †Medullosales Havlena (1961) [within unnamed taxon] see Order Pachytestales Doweld (2001)
                         2.2.2.2 Euspermatales Crane & Kenrick 1997, nom. cl. inval. [within unnamed taxon]