[plants] Haeckel (1866) - plants
   vascular plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
     euphyllophytes see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
       Spermatophyta Britton & Brown 1896 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. - seed plants see Clade Spermatophyta Britton & Brown 1896 [Cantino, Doyle & Donoghue 2020]
         Gymnospermae Lindl. see Class Spermatopsida
           1 Class Cycadopsida Brongn. (1843)
           2 Class Ginkgoopsida Engl. (1897)
           3 Class Pinopsida Burnett (1835)