[embryophytes] - land plants see Superphylum Embryophyta Engl. (1887)
   Pan-Tracheophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Pan-Tracheophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
     Apo-Tracheophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Apo-Tracheophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
       [crown] Tracheophyta Sinnott 1935 [Crane & Kenrick 1997], nom. cl. inval. - vascular plants see Clade Tracheophyta Sinnott 1935 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
         Pan-Euphyllophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Pan-Euphyllophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
           [crown] Euphyllophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Euphyllophyta Lecointre & Le Guyader 2006 [Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
             Pan-Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007
               [crown] Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007, nom. cl. inval. see Clade Monilophyta Cantino & Donoghue 2007 [Doyle, Cantino & Donoghue 2020]
                 Apo-Leptosporangiatae Cantino & Donoghue 2007
                   Leptosporangiatae Bessey 1907 [Cantino & Donoghue 2007]
                     1 Osmundaceae Martinov (1820)
                     2 Hymenophyllaceae Mart. (1835) - filmy ferns
                     3 Gleicheniales Link (1833)
                     4 Schizaeales Schimp. (1869)
                     5 Salviniales Link (1833) - water ferns
                     6 Cyatheales A.B.Frank (1877) - tree ferns
                     7 Polypodiales Link (1833) - cathetogyrates