[organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel (1878) - pennates
       Subclass Bacillariophycidae D.G.Mann (1990) - raphid diatoms
         Order Bacillariales Hendey (1937)
           Family Bacillariaceae Ehrenb. (1831)
             Genus Bacillaria J.F.Gmel. (1788)
               Bacillaria paxillifera (O.F.Müll.) Hendey (1951)