Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Clupeocephala
Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
1 Division Polymixiacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010 [monotypic]
2.1.1? Order †Pattersonichthyiformes [monotypic]
2.1.2? [plesion] Order †Ctenothrissiformes Patterson, 1964
2.2 Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993