Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Clupeocephala
Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
Euacanthopterygii
Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
01.1 Order Ophidiiformes Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis [monophyletic?] - cusk-eels
01.2 Pediculati incertae sedis [monophyletic?]
02 Series Smegmamorpharia Johnson & Patterson, 1993
03 Order Dactylopteriformes Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis [monotypic]
04 Order Scorpaeniformes Bloch, 1789, incertae sedis - mail-cheeked fishes
05 Order Cottiformes incertae sedis
06 Order Perciformesᵀ Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis - perches
07 Order Carangiformes Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis
08 Order Labriformes incertae sedis
09 Order Nototheniiformes Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis
10 Order Trachiniformes Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis [paraphyletic?]
11 Order Pholidichthyiformes incertae sedis [monotypic]
12 Order Blenniiformes Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis
13 Order Icosteiformes Berg, 1937, incertae sedis [monotypic]
14 Order Gobiesociformes Gill, 1872, incertae sedis
15 Order Gobiiformes Günther, 1880, incertae sedis
16 Order Acanthuriformes Jordan, 1923, incertae sedis
17 Order Scombriformes Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis
18 Order Stromateiformes Rafinesque, 1810, incertae sedis
19 Order Anabantiformes incertae sedis
20 Order "Caproiformes" incertae sedis
21 Order Pleuronectiformes Bleeker, 1859, incertae sedis - flatfishes
22 Order Tetraodontiformes Berg, 1937, incertae sedis - plectognaths