chromalveolates see Supergroup Chromalveolata Adl et al., 2005
   Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
     Subkingdom Chromobiota Caval.-Sm. (1991)
       Infrakingdom Haptophyta Caval.-Sm. (1995) [monotypic] see Subphylum Haptophytina Caval.-Sm. (2015)
         1 Phylum Haptophyta D.J. Hibberd ex Edvardsen & Eikrem (2000) see Subphylum Haptophytina Caval.-Sm. (2015)