life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Empire Eukaryota (Chatton, 1925) see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
       Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
         Infrakingdom Cormophyta Caval.-Sm. (1998) - embryophytes see Subkingdom Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Sm. (1981)
           Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
             Subphylum Pteridophytina (Eichler) Cavalier-Sm. (1998) [paraphyletic] - pteridophytes see Infraphylum Moniliformopses Kenrick & P.R.Crane (1997), nom. inval.
               1 Infraphylum Psilophytae T. Cavalier-Sm. (1998) see Class Psilotopsida D.H.Scott (1909)
               2 Infraphylum Lycophytae (auct.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998) see Subphylum Lycophytina "Banks, 1968"
               3 Infraphylum Sphenophytae (auct.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998) see Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825)
               4 Infraphylum Filices (L.) Cavalier-Sm. (1998) [paraphyletic?] - ferns see Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966)