living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Protozoa Goldfuss, 1818 see Kingdom Protozoa Goldfuss, 1818
         Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 - ciliates
           Class Polyhymenophora Jankowski, 1967 see Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889
             Subclass Spirotricha see Class Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889
               1 Order Heterotrichida Stein, 1859 - heterotrichs
               2 Order Odontostomatida Sawaya, 1940 - odontostomatids
               3 Order Oligotrichida Bütschli, 1889 see Subclass Oligotrichia Bütschli, 1889
               4 Order Hypotrichida Stein, 1859 - hypotrichs see Subclass Hypotrichia (Stein, 1859) Cavalier-Smith, 1993