plants Haeckel (1866) - plants
   Division Charophyta Migula (1889) - charophyte algae and embryophytes see charophytes
     Subdivision [Streptophytina] see [unranked] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt (2004)
       Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825) - horsetails see Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883)
         Vascular Plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
           [Ferns]
             1 Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883) [monotypic]
             2 Subclass Ophioglossidae Klinge (1882)
             3 Subclass Marattiidae Klinge (1882) [monotypic]
             4 Subclass Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966)