living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848 - arthropods
           Subphylum Uniramia Snodgrass, 1935 see Phylum Arthropoda Siebold, 1848
             Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758 - insects
               Subclass Pterygota Lang, 1888 - winged insects see Infraclass Pterygota Lang, 1888
                 Infraclass Neoptera Martynov, 1923 - modern, wing-folding insects see Division Neoptera Martynov, 1923
                   Superorder Holometabola - holometabolans see Subdivision Endopterygota Sharp, 1899
                     Order Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758 - beetles
                       Suborder Polyphaga Emery, 1886
                         Superfamily Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802
                           Family Lucanidae Latreille, 1804 - stag beetles
                             1 Genus Phalacrognathus Macleay, 1885
                             2 Subfamily Aesalinae MacLeay, 1819
                             3 Subfamily Penicrolucaninae see Subfamily Penichrolucaninae Arrow, 1950
                             4 Subfamily Nicaginae see Tribe Nicagini LeConte, 1861
                             5 Subfamily Syndesinae MacLeay, 1819
                             6 Subfamily Lampriminae MacLeay, 1819
                             7 Subfamily Lucaninae Latreille, 1804