organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Kingdom Monera Haeckel 1866 see Domain Bacteria Woese et al. 1990
     Phylum "fermenting bacteria" see Phylum Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)
       Class "Clostridia" Garrity et al. 2001 nom. ined. see Class Clostridia Rainey 2010
         Genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980)
           Clostridium botulinum (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923 (Approved Lists 1980)