life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020] Empire Eukaryota (Chatton, 1925) see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants Infrakingdom Cormophyta Caval.-Sm. (1998) - embryophytes see Subkingdom Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Sm. (1981) Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants 1 Subphylum Pteridophytina (Eichler) Cavalier-Sm. (1998) [paraphyletic] - pteridophytes see Infraphylum Moniliformopses Kenrick & P.R.Crane (1997), nom. inval. 2 Subphylum Spermatophytina Caval.-Sm. (1998) - seed plants