Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           "neomura" Cavalier-Smith 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               neokaryotes Cavalier-Smith 1993 - mitochondrial eukaryotes
                 neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993
                   Superkingdom Corticata Lankester, 1878
                     Kingdom Plantae Haeckel (1866) - plants
                       Subkingdom Viridiplantae Caval.-Sm. (1981) - green plants
                         Infrakingdom Streptophyta C. Jeffrey (1967)
                           Superphylum Embryophyta
                             "polysporangiophytes"
                               Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998) - vascular plants
                                 [Subphylum] Euphyllophytina
                                   [Infraphylum] "Moniliformopses" Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval. - monilophytes
                                     Class Polypodiopsida Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966) - ferns
                                       Order Osmundales Link
                                         Family Osmundaceaeᵀ Bercht. & J. Presl (1820)
                                           1 Genus Leptopteris K.B. Presl (1845)
                                           2 Genus Osmundaᵀ L. (1753)
                                           3 Genus Todea Willdenow ex Bernhardi (1801) [monotypic]