plants Haeckel (1866) - plants
   Division Charophyta Migula (1889) - charophyte algae and embryophytes see charophytes
     Subdivision [Streptophytina] see [unranked] Streptophytina Lewis & McCourt (2004)
       Class Equisetopsida C.Agardh (1825) - horsetails see Subclass Equisetidae Warm. (1883)
         Vascular Plants see Phylum Tracheophyta Sinnott ex Caval.-Sm. (1998)
           [Ferns]
             Subclass Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm. (1966)
               Order Polypodiales Link (1833) - cathetogyrates
                 Family Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl (1822) - polygrams
                   I Subfamily Loxogrammoideae H.Schneid. (2011)
                   II Subfamily Drynarioideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel (1975)
                   III Subfamily Platycerioideae B.K.Nayar (1970)
                   IV Subfamily Microsoroideae B.K.Nayar (1970)
                   V Subfamily Polypodioideae Sweet (1826)