[organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
     Branch Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
       Division Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 see Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888
         Subdivision Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 see Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
           Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
             Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
               Superclass Pisces Linnaeus, 1758 - fishes
                 Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                   Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
                     Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
                       Genus Urolophus Müller & Henle, 1837
                       1 Family Pristidae Bonaparte, 1835 - sawfishes
                       2 Family Rhinobatidae Müller & Henle, 1838 - guitarfishes
                       3 Family Torpedinidae Henle, 1834 - electric rays
                       4 Family Rajidae Blainville, 1816 - skates
                       5 Family Dasyatidae Jordan, 1888 - stingrays
                       6 Family Myliobatidae Bonaparte, 1835
                       7 Family Mobulidae Gill, 1893 see Subfamily Mobulinae (Gill, 1893)
                       8 Family Potamotrygonidae Garman, 1877 - river stingrays