Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     [crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       [crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         [crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             Myopterygii - myopterygians
                                               Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
                                                 Grade Chondrichthiomorphi
                                                   Class Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes
                                                     Subclass Elasmobranchii Bonaparte, 1838 - shark-like fishes
                                                       Infraclass Euselachii Hay, 1902 - sharks and rays, and related fossils
                                                         Division Neoselachii Compagno, 1977
                                                           Subdivision Batoidea - rays
                                                             Order Rajiformes Berg, 1940 - skates
                                                               Family Rajidaeᵀ Blainville, 1816 - skates
                                                                 Genus Rajaᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 - skates
                                                                   [Subgenus Raja (Dipturus) Rafinesque, 1810 - longnosed skates] see Genus Dipturus Rafinesque, 1810
                                                                     [Raja batis Linnaeus, 1758] see Dipturus batis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) campbelli Wallace, 1967] see Dipturus campbelli (Wallace, 1967)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) doutrei Cadenat, 1960] see Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) lanceorostrata Wallace, 1967] see Dipturus lanceorostrata
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)] see Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)
                                                                     [Raja oxyrinchus Linnaeus, 1758] see Dipturus oxyrinchus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) pullopunctata Smith, 1964 - slime skate] see Dipturus pullopunctata (Smith, 1964)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) springeri Wallace, 1967] see Dipturus springeri (Wallace, 1967)
                                                                     [Raja (Dipturus) stenorhynchus Wallace, 1967] see Dipturus stenorhynchus (Wallace, 1967)