life see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Metazoa Haeckel 1874 - multicellular animals see Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
       Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians see Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888
         Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
           Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908 - deuterostomes see Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
             Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
               Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                 Infraphylum Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                   Class †Placodermi McCoy, 1848 [paraphyletic]