Natura - nature
   actualia - actual entities
     Mundus Plinius - physical world
       naturalia - natural bodies
         [crown clade] Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
           neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
             Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
               discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                 dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
                   podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
                     [crown clade] Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
                       [crown clade] Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
                         [crown clade] Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
                           Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
                             filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
                               Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
                                 [node-based clade] Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
                                   [branch-based clade] Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
                                     Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
                                       [branch-based clade] Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
                                         [branch-based clade] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
                                           Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
                                             [Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates] see Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874
                                               [Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes] see [unranked] Euteleostomi
                                                 [Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes] see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                                                   [Cladistia] see Subclass Cladistia Cope, 1870
                                                   [Holostei] see Infraclass Holostei Müller, 1846
                                                   [†Paleoniscomorpha]
                                                   2.1 [Cladistia Cope, 1870] see Subclass Cladistia Cope, 1870
                                                   2.2 [Actinopteri Cope, 1871]
                                                   2.2.1.0 [Chondrostei Müller, 1844] see Subclass Chondrostei Müller, 1844
                                                   2.2.1.0 [Chondrostei Müller, 1844] see Subclass Chondrostei Müller, 1844
                                                   2.2.2 [Neopterygii Regan, 1923] see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
                                                   2.2.2.1 [Holostei Müller, 1846] see Infraclass Holostei Müller, 1846
                                                   2.2.2.2.01.3 [Mormyriformes] see Suborder Mormyroidei
                                                   3.0 [Teleostei Bonaparte, 1836]