Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi
       Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 [paraphyletic] - bony fishes see [unranked] Euteleostomi
         Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
           Infraclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
             Division Teleostei Müller, 1845 see Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
               Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966 see Cohort Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966
                 Order Osteoglossiformes Berg, 1940 - bonytongues
                   Suborder Osteoglossoidei
                     Family Osteoglossidae Bonaparte, 1845 - bonytongues and arapaimas