living organisms see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryotae see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
       Subkingdom Eumetazoa Butschli, 1910 see [unranked] Eumetazoa Bütschli, 1910
         Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
           Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
             Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes see [unranked] Euteleostomi
               Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
                 Order Cypriniformes Rafinesque, 1810 - carps
                   Suborder Characoidei
                     01 Family Characidae - characins
                     02 Family Erythrinidae - trahiras
                     03 Family Ctenoluciidae - pike-characids
                     04 Family Hepsetidae
                     05 Family Characidiidae see Subfamily Characidiinae
                     06 Family Serrasalmidae Günther, 1864 see Subfamily Serrasalminae
                     07 Family Alestidae Hoedeman, 1951
                     08 Family Crenuchidae
                     09 Family Lebiasinidae
                     10 Family Gasteropelecidae - freshwater hatchetfishes
                     11 Family Curimatidae
                     12 Family Anostomidae
                     13 Family Hemiodidae see Family Hemiodontidae
                     14 Family Citharinidae
                     16 Family Gymnotidae Rafinesque, 1815 - nakedback knifefishes
                     18 Family Electrophoridae - electric knifefishes see Family Gymnotidae Rafinesque, 1815