Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Clupeocephala
Cohort Otomorpha E.O. Wiley & G.D. Johnson, 2010
Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl, 1885
Section Otophysa (Rosen & Greenwood, 1970)
Cypriniphysi
Superorder Cyprinaeᵀ Wiley & Johnson, 2010 [monotypic]
Order Cypriniformesᵀ Rafinesque, 1810 - carps
Superfamily Cyprinoideaᵀ
Family Cyprinidaeᵀ Rafinesque, 1815 - minnows and carps
Series Leuciscini
Subfamily Leuciscinaeᵀ Howes, 1991 [monophyletic?]
Genus Rutilus Rafinesque, 1820
01 †Rutilus pachecoi
02 †Rutilus rudeli
03 Rutilus albus Marić, 2010
04 Rutilus aula (Bonaparte, 1841)
05 Rutilus basak (Heckel, 1843)
06.1 Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) - kutum
06.2 Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901)
07 Rutilus meidingeri (Heckel, 1851)
08 Rutilus ohridanus (Karaman, 1924)
09 Rutilus panosi Bogutskaya & Iliadou, 2006
10.1 Rutilus pigus (Lacepède, 1803) - Danube roach
10.2 Rutilus virgo (Heckel, 1852)
11 Rutilus prespensis (Karaman, 1924)
12 Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte, 1837)
13.1 Rutilus rutilusᵀ (Linnaeus, 1758) - roach
13.2 Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870)
13.3 Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann, 1840)
14 Rutilus ylikiensis Economidis, 1991