Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
   Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
     Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
       Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
         Clupeocephala
           Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
             Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
               Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
                 Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
                   Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
                     Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
                       Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
                         Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                           Euacanthopterygii
                             Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
                               Series Smegmamorpharia Johnson & Patterson, 1993
                                 Order Gasterosteiformes Gill, 1872 - sticklebacks
                                   1 Suborder Gasterosteoidei
                                   2 Suborder Syngnathoidei