Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
[crown] Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
[crown] Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
[crown] Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
[crown] Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
Myopterygii - myopterygians
Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
Grade Teleostomi Bonaparte, 1836
Euteleostomi - bony vertebrates
Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes
[crown] Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996
Clupeocephala
Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Greenwood et al., 1966)
Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
Infracohort Eurypterygia (Rosen, 1973)
Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
Subsection Acanthomorphata (Rosen, 1973)
Euacanthomorpha (Johnson & Patterson, 1993)
Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
Euacanthopterygii
Division Percomorphacea Wiley & Johnson, 2010
Order Scorpaeniformes Bloch, 1789, incertae sedis - mail-cheeked fishes
Suborder Serranoidei Imamura & Yabe, 2002 [monotypic]
Family Serranidaeᵀ Regan, 1913 - sea basses and groupers
Subfamily Epinephelinae (Jordan & Eigenmann, 1890) - groupers
Genus Epinephelusᵀ Bloch, 1793
Epinephelus acanthistius (Gilbert, 1892) - Gulf coney
Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) - rock hind
Epinephelus aeneus (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) - grouper
Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - garrupa
Epinephelus albomarginatus (Fowler & Bean, 1930) - white-edged grouper
Epinephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857) - banded grouper
Epinephelus analogus Gill, 1863 - spotted cabrilla
Epinephelus andersoni Boulenger, 1903 - catface grouper
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål, 1775) - areolate grouper
Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - yellow grouper
Epinephelus bilobatus Randall & Allen, 1987 - twinspot grouper
Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878) - duskytail grouper
Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855) - palemargin grouper
Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793 - kelp grouper
Epinephelus caninus (Valenciennes, 1843) - dogtooth grouper
Epinephelus chabaudi (Castelnau, 1861) - moustache grouper
Epinephelus chlorocephalus (Valenciennes, 1830) - Tonga grouper
Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) - brownspotted grouper
Epinephelus cifuentesi Lavenberg & Grove, 1993 - olive grouper
Epinephelus clippertonensis G.R. Allen & D.R. Robertson, 1999
Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790) - whitespotted grouper
Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) - orange-spotted grouper
Epinephelus corallicola (Valenciennes, 1828) - coral grouper
Epinephelus costae (Steindachner, 1878) - goldblotch grouper
Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson, 1846) - speckled blue grouper
Epinephelus daemelii (Günther, 1876) - saddletail grouper
Epinephelus darwinensis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 - Darwin grouper
Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) - six-barred reef cod
Epinephelus drummondhayi Goode & Bean, 1878 - Calico grouper
Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - broken-line grouper
Epinephelus ergastularius Whitley, 1930 - sevenbar grouper
Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828) - cloudy grouper
Epinephelus exsul (Fowler, 1944) - 10-spine grouper
Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus (Peters, 1865) - rock grouper
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) - blacktip grouper
Epinephelus faveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) - barred-chest grouper
Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacépède, 1802) - blue and yellow grouper
Epinephelus flavolimbatus Poey, 1865 - yellowedge grouper
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) - blotch grouper
Epinephelus gabriellae Randall & Heemstra, 1991 - multispotted grouper
Epinephelus goreensis (Valenciennes, 1830) - Dungat grouper
Epinephelus guttatus (C. Linnaeus, 1758) - red hind
Epinephelus haifensis Ben-Tuvia, 1953 - Haifa grouper
Epinephelus heniochus Fowler, 1904 - bridled grouper
Epinephelus hexagonatus (Bloch & Schneider) - starspotted grouper
Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873) - blacksaddle grouper
Epinephelus indistinctus Randall & Heemstra, 1991 - Somali grouper
Epinephelus irroratus (Forster, 1801) - Marquesan grouper
Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) - Goliath grouper
Epinephelus labriformis (Jenyns, 1840) - flag cabrilla
Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) - brindle grouper
Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - banded grouper
Epinephelus lebretonianus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1853) - mystery grouper
Epinephelus longispinis (Kner, 1864) - longspine grouper
Epinephelus macrospilos (Bleeker, 1855) - snubnose grouper
Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) - highfin grouper
Epinephelus magniscuttis Postel, Fourmanoir & Guézé, 1963 - speckled grouper
Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Malabar grouper
Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) - dusky grouper
Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953 - one-blotch grouper
Epinephelus merra (Bloch, 1793) - honeycomb grouper
Epinephelus miliaris (Valenciennes, 1830) - netfin grouper
Epinephelus morio (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) - Cherna de vivero
Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833) - comet grouper
Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876) - white blotched grouper
Epinephelus mystacinus (Poey, 1852) - black grouper
Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook, 1856) - Warsaw grouper
Epinephelus niphobles Gilbert & Starks, 1897 - snowy grouper
Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828) - snowy grouper
Epinephelus octofasciatus Griffin, 1926 - eightbar grouper
Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790) - white-streaked grouper
Epinephelus perplexus Randall, Hoese & Last, 1991 - puzzling grouper
Epinephelus poecilonotus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) - dot-dash grouper
Epinephelus polylepis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 - smallscaled grouper
Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) - camouflage grouper
Epinephelus polystigma (Bleeker, 1853) - white-dotted grouper
Epinephelus posteli Fourmanoir & Crosnier, 1964 - striped-fin grouper
Epinephelus quernus Seale, 1901 - grouper
Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) - longfin grouper
Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1868) - oblique-banded grouper
Epinephelus retouti Bleeker, 1868 - red-tipped grouper
Epinephelus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1830) - halfmoon grouper
Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg, 1793) - convict grouper
Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Valenciennes, 1828) - sixbar grouper
Epinephelus socialis (Günther, 1873) - surge grouper
Epinephelus spilotoceps Schultz, 1953 - foursaddle grouper
Epinephelus stictus Randall & Allen, 1987 - black-dotted grouper
Epinephelus stoliczkae (Day, 1875) - epaulet grouper
Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792) - hamlet
Epinephelus suborbitalis Amaoka & Randall, 1990 - seamount grouper
Epinephelus summana (Forsskål, 1775) - Summan grouper
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) - giant grouper
Epinephelus timorensis Randall & Allen, 1987 - yellowspotted grouper
Epinephelus trimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1828) - threespot grouper
Epinephelus trophis Randall & Allen, 1987 - plump grouper
Epinephelus tuamotuensis Fourmanoir, 1971 - reticulate grouper
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959 - potato grouper
Epinephelus undulatostriatus (Peters, 1866) - Maori grouper
Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) - brown-lined reef cod