Natura - nature
actualia - actual entities
Mundus Plinius - physical world
naturalia - natural bodies
Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
Clade neomura Cavalier-Smith, 1987
Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 - eukaryotes
Clade discaria Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade dorsates Cavalier-Smith, 2021
Clade podiates Cavalier-Smith, 2012
Clade Amorphea Adl et al. 2012 [Simpson, Medina & Adl 2020]
Clade Obazoa Brown, Sharpe, Silberman, Heiss, Lang, Simpson & Roger 2013
Clade Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987 [Simpson & Medina 2020] - animal-fungal clade
Superkingdom Holozoa Lang, O'Kelly, Nerad, Gray & Burger, 2002
Clade filozoa Shalchian-Tabrizi, Minge, Espelund, Orr, Ruden, Jakobsen & Cavalier-Smith, 2008
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
Clade Planulozoa Wallberg, Thollesson, Farris & Jondelius 2004
Subkingdom Bilateria Hatschek, 1888 - bilaterians
Clade Nephrozoa Jondelius, Ruiz-Trillo, Baguñà & Riutort 2002
Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Grobben, 1908
Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
Subphylum Craniata auct.
Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
Clade Pan-Gnathostomata Downs 2020
Superclass Gnathostomataᵀ Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
[crown] Clade Eugnathostomata
Clade Pan-Osteichthyes Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Actinopterygii Rowe 2004 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Actinopterygiiᵀ Woodward 1891 [Moore & Near 2020]
Clade Pan-Actinopteri Moore & Near 2020
Class Actinopteri Cope, 1871
Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
Infraclass Teleosteomorpha Arratia, 2001
Division Teleostei Müller, 1845
Supercohort Teleocephala de Pinna, 1996 - crown-group Teleostei
Cohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen, 1977
Subcohort Euteleosteomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966
Infracohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
Supersection Eurypterygia Rosen, 1973
Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
Subsection Acanthomorphata Rosen, 1973
Clade Euacanthomorpha Johnson & Patterson, 1993
Clade Holacanthopterygii Johnson & Patterson, 1993
Division Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
Subdivision Percomorphaceae
Series Eupercaria
Order Acanthuriformes Jordan, 1923 - surgeonfishes and relatives
Family Sparidae Rafinesque, 1818 - porgys and seabreams
Genus Sparusᵀ Linnaeus, 1758 [monotypic]
[Sparus annularis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Diplodus annularis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus boops Linnaeus, 1758]
see Boops boops (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus cantharus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spondyliosoma cantharus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus capistratus Linnaeus, 1758]
[Sparus chromis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Chromis chromis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus dentex Linnaeus, 1758]
see Dentex dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus erythrinus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagellus erythrinus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus galilaeus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Sarotherodon galilaeus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus hurta Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lithognathus mormyrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus maena Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spicara maena (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus melanurus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Oblada melanura (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus mormyrus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lithognathus mormyrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus orphus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagrus pagrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus pagrus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Pagrus pagrus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus salpa Linnaeus, 1758]
see Sarpa salpa (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus sargus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Diplodus sargus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus saxatilis Linnaeus, 1758]
see Crenicichla saxatilis (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus smaris Linnaeus, 1758]
see Spicara smaris (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus spinus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Siganus spinus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus synagris Linnaeus, 1758]
see Lutjanus synagris (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
[Sparus virginicus Linnaeus, 1758]
see Anisotremus virginicus (C. Linnaeus, 1758)
1 Sparus aurataᵀ Linnaeus, 1758
1.0 [Sparus auratus Linnaeus, 1758, nom. illeg. - Gilt head bream]
see Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758