[living organisms] see Clade Biota Wagner 2004 [Wiemann, de Queiroz, Rowe, Planavsky, Anderson, Gogarten, Turner & Gauthier 2020]
   Superkingdom Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis, 1978 see Domain Eukaryota Chatton, 1925
     Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981) - chromists
       Subkingdom Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010
         Infrakingdom Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010
           Superphylum Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
             Phylum Miozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1987
               Subphylum Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2004
                 Infraphylum Dinozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981
                   Superclass Dinoflagellata Bütschli, 1885
                     1 Class Dinophyceae Pascher (1914)
                     2 Class Ellobiopsea Loeblich, 1970 [monotypic]
                     3 Class Noctilucea Haeckel, 1866 [monotypic] see Class Noctiluciphyceae Fensome, F.J.R. Taylor, G. Norris, Sarjeant, Wharton & G.L. Williams (1993)
                     4 Class Oxyrrhea Cavalier-Smith, 1987
                     5 Class Syndinea Chatton, 1920