Kingdom Chromalveolata Adl et al., 2005 see Kingdom Chromista Caval.-Sm. (1981)
   Infrakingdom Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991 see [unranked] Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991
     Phylum Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2004 see Subphylum Myzozoa Cavalier-Smith & Chao, 2004
       Superclass Dinokaryota Fensome et al., 1993
         Class Dinoflagellata Bütschli, 1885 see Superclass Dinoflagellata Bütschli, 1885
           Order Gymnodiniales Apstein (1909)
             Family Family of Gyrodinium F. Gómez (2012)
               097 Genus Ceratodinium W. Conrad (1926)
               098 Genus Gyrodinium Kof. & Swezy (1921)
               099 Genus Plectodinium Biecheler (1934)
               100 Genus Sclerodinium J.D. Dodge (1981)