Phylum Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
   Subphylum Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates see Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801
     Pisces
       Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Clade Actinopterygii Woodward 1891 [Moore & Near 2020]
         Order Pleuronectiformes Bleeker, 1859 - flatfishes see Suborder Pleuronectoidei
           Family Achiridae Rafinesque, 1815 - American soles
           Family Achiropsettidae Heemstra, 1990 - southern flounders
           Family Bothidae Smitt, 1892 - lefteye flounders
           Family Citharidae de Buen, 1935 - largescale flounders
           Family Cynoglossidae Jordan, 1888 - tonguefishes
           Family Paralichthyidae Regan, 1910 - sand flounders
           Family Pleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815 - righteye flounders
           Family Psettodidae Regan, 1910 - spiny turbots
           Family Scophthalmidae Chabanaud, 1933 - turbots
           Family Soleidae Bonaparte, 1833 - soles