[Phylum] Chordata Bateson, 1885 - chordates
   Subphylum Craniata auct.
     Infraphylum Vertebrata Lamarck, 1801 - vertebrates
       Superclass Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates
         Class Osteichthyes Huxley, 1880 - bony fishes and tetrapods see Clade Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [Moore & Near 2020]
           Subclass Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891 - ray-finned fishes see Class Actinopterygii Woodward, 1891
             Infraclass Actinopteri Cope, 1871 see Class Actinopteri Cope, 1871
               Superdivision Neopterygii Regan, 1923 see Subclass Neopterygii Regan, 1923
                 Superdivision Teleosteomorpha Arratia, 2001 see Infraclass Teleosteomorpha Arratia, 2001
                   Division Teleostei Müller, 1845
                     Cohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen, 1977
                       Subcohort Euteleosteomorpha Greenwood et al., 1966
                         Infracohort Neoteleostei Nelson, 1969
                           Supersection Eurypterygia Rosen, 1973
                             Section Ctenosquamata Rosen, 1973
                               Subsection Acanthomorphata Rosen, 1973
                                 Division Acanthopterygii Rosen & Patterson, 1969
                                   Subdivision Percomorphaceae
                                     Series Carangaria
                                       Order Pleuronectiformes Bleeker, 1859 - flatfishes see Suborder Pleuronectoidei
                                         Suborder Pleuronectoidei
                                           01 Family †Joleaudichthyidae Chabanaud, 1937
                                           02 Family Citharidae de Buen, 1935 - largescale flounders
                                           03 Family Paralichthyidae Regan, 1910 - sand flounders
                                           04 Family Pleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815 - righteye flounders
                                           05 Family Bothidae Smitt, 1892 - lefteye flounders
                                           06 Family Paralichthodidae Regan, 1920 - peppered flounders
                                           07 Family Scophthalmidae Chabanaud, 1933 - turbots
                                           08 Family Rhombosoleidae Regan, 1910 - South Pacific flounders
                                           09 Family Achiropsettidae Heemstra, 1990 - southern flounders
                                           10 Family Achiridae Rafinesque, 1815 - American soles
                                           11 Family Samaridae Jordan & Goss, 1889 - crested flounders
                                           12 Family Poecilopsettidae Norman, 1934 - bigeye flounders
                                           13 Family Cynoglossidae Jordan, 1888 - tonguefishes
                                           14 Family Soleidae Bonaparte, 1833 - soles