Vertebrata Cuvier, 1812 - vertebrates
   Gnathostomata
     Teleostomi
       Tetrapoda Hatschek & Cori 1896 [Gauthier, Kluge & Rowe 1988]
         Class Amphibia Gray, 1825 [paraphyletic]
           modern amphibian orders
             Order Gymnophiona Rafinesque, 1814 - caecilians
               1 Family Caeciliidae Rafinesque, 1814
               2 Family Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968
               3 Family Scolecomorphidae Taylor, 1969 see Subfamily Scolecomorphinae Taylor, 1969
               4 Family Typhlonectidae Taylor, 1968 see Subfamily Typhlonectinae Taylor, 1968
               5 Family Rhinatrematidae Nussbaum, 1977